History & Society

History & Society

Trace how culture, power, and ideas shape societies across time.

Ancient wall fresco depicting a standing human figure, surrounded by red, green, and brown decorative panels—an evocative remnant bearing the marks of history’s lost voices and the passage of time.
Historian Jess Venner discusses how “critical fabulation” can help reveal the lived experiences of Pompeii’s voiceless residents.
two particles different wavelength speed of light
Contrary to common experience, not everything needs a medium to travel through. Overcoming that assumption removes the need for an aether.
Four maps of Ireland from 1800, 1850, 1900, and 2000 show a steady decline in areas where Irish is spoken natively, marked in green, nearly disappearing by 2000.
Gaeilge is trending culturally. So why is it, according to census data, also dying?
Split image: left side shows a pencil sketch of a person's lower face, while the right reveals a painted portrait's lower face and neck with a red beaded necklace and ruffled collar—capturing hints of why we talk funny.
Long before today's debates, immigration was already transforming the American accent into something distinctively its own.
A color-enhanced image shows Pluto planet in the foreground with its moon Charon in the background, both set against a black space backdrop.
In 2006, Pluto was controversially demoted to "dwarf planet" by the IAU. Unless you ignore most of astrophysics, it won't ever be one again.
Dune features a determined protagonist in Frank Herbert's science fiction masterpiece.
These initially sympathetic characters take readers down a dark path.
A person with hair floating upwards looks out of a spacecraft window at Earth, filled with hope as clouds and oceans shimmer below—a view reminiscent of the Artemis II mission’s journey.
NASA has just sent astronauts back to the Moon for the first time since 1972 with Artemis II. So why would we cut NASA and NSF science now?
a painting of a group of men standing next to each other.
From landscaped gardens to road systems, the Persians were among the first to create many things we still enjoy today.
A fork holds a piece of lettuce, partially obscured by a bright yellow glow against a dark background.
A growing movement is trying to turn energy directly into food — reviving an old dream of escaping the violence and inefficiency of eating.
Illustration of Earth overlaid with a grid and energy types from the Kardashev Scale: Type I, II, and III, representing planetary, stellar, and galactic energy usage.
The famous framework ranks civilizations by energy use — but ignores a critical factor that can halt their progress.
World map showing global oil reserves, rare earth elements deposits (yellow dots), and major shipping routes and chokepoints, with oil reserves highlighted by pink circles of varying sizes.
As the global economy moves beyond oil, the strategic importance of the world’s most critical hydrocarbon chokepoint is likely to decline rapidly.
A black-and-white photo of a person walking in profile, centered on a red background with multiple yellow arrows pointing outward in all directions—a striking design inspired by modern China.
A firsthand look at China’s material progress and clean-tech revolution — and what could happen if we let an authoritarian state steer AI's future.
Black-and-white photo of Jan Morris, an older person seated on a bed, smiling with a typewriter in front. The book cover text reads: "Jan Morris, a life, Sara Wheeler.
Jan Morris's biographer confronts the limits of storytelling while trying to capture a life defined by contradiction and reinvention.
Earth rises above the horizon of the Moon, with the lunar surface in the foreground and space in the background.
Globalization did not fail — it improved the lives of billions of people. The next phase of human development could push us to a new level of global abundance.
The cover of the book "The Future of Free Speech" by Jacob Mchangama and Jeff Kosseff, with part of the cover image pixelated, explores topics like Germany free speech in a rapidly changing world.
Germany built aggressive systems to combat hate speech, but the line between defending democracy and undermining it may be beginning to blur.
Four people wearing black shirts and eclipse glasses look up at the camera indoors, their excitement echoing the spirit of the Artemis II distance record mission.
Human beings have now traveled farther from Earth than ever before with Artemis II's flyby of the lunar far side. Here's how it happened.
A map of the United States showing the most popular paint color in each state, with names of various gray, blue, and neutral shades labeled over the corresponding states.
The ideology, economics, and psychology behind the modern world's draining of color from homes, cars, and everyday objects.
The word "intelligence" in gray lowercase letters on a black background, with a subtle spotlight effect highlighting the center of the text, inspired by Frames of Mind.
Howard Gardner joins us to reflect on the theory of multiple intelligences and why the question of who owns intelligence is more important than ever.
moon landing Apollo 11
Even though no human has stepped foot on the Moon's surface in 50 years, the evidence of our presence there remains unambiguous.