Starts With A Bang

A field of stars and colorful cosmic dust clouds scattered across the dark expanse of space.
The Universe is out there, waiting to be discovered

Our mission is to answer the biggest questions of all, scientifically.

What is the Universe made of? How did it become the way it is today? Where did everything come from? What is the ultimate fate of the cosmos?

For most of human history, these questions had no clear answers. Today, they do. Starts With a Bang, written by Dr. Ethan Siegel, explores what we know about the universe and how we came to know it, bringing the latest discoveries in cosmology and astrophysics directly to you.

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Ethan Siegel is an award-winning PhD astrophysicist and the author of four books, including The Grand Cosmic Story, published by National Geographic.

Full Profile
A bald man with a long beard and handlebar mustache gestures with his hands against a backdrop of an upside-down cityscape wearing a purple shirt.
Ask Ethan: What sets the size of the observable Universe?
For all we know, the cosmos could truly be infinite in scale. But the observable part of our Universe? It's finite, and its size is known.

Ethan Siegel

observable universe size
An aerial view of LIGO Hanford, showing two long, perpendicular arms extending across a flat, brown landscape with a few buildings at the intersection.
The LIGO facilities in the U.S. are the most sensitive gravitational wave detectors in the world. Their future remains uncertain.
cosmic inflation
We used to think the Big Bang started it all. Then we realized that something else came before it, erasing everything that existed prior.
A large, circular structure—destined to become the world's best and smallest giant telescope—is under construction inside a spacious industrial facility with scaffolding and bright overhead lighting.
At "only" 25 meters in diameter, the Giant Magellan Telescope is the smallest of three current projects. That might make all the difference.
Using the newest large-scale structure data, a team of researchers announced a huge cosmic anisotropy in Nature. Too bad it's wrong.
Split image: On the left, green and pink power aurora lights shimmer in the night sky over water; on the right, bright white fireworks explode against the darkness.
Over 800,000 fireworks explode in under an hour in the world's largest fireworks shows. How do natural auroral displays compare in energy?
comet collide with earth
65 million years ago, a massive asteroid struck Earth, causing a mass extinction. Without advance warning, could anyone have spotted it?
stars omega centauri globular cluster
With ~400 billion stars in the Milky Way and 6-20 trillion galaxies overall, that makes for a lot of stars. But not as many as you'd think.
A dense, bright cluster of stars glows at a galaxy’s core, surrounded by numerous smaller dark matter free galaxies and stars scattered across a shadowy background.
The first one, NGC 1052-DF2, was mired in controversy. With four examples now, there only remains one possible escape. What does nature say?
A dense galaxy cluster, possibly the most distant lens cluster, features bright yellow-white central galaxies surrounded by numerous smaller galaxies against a dark space background—a scene revealing the surprises of dark matter.
Over 10 billion years in the past, an ultra-massive galaxy cluster lenses objects behind it. That has big implications for dark matter.
galaxy NGC 1277 Perseus cluster
At 240 million light-years away, galaxy NGC 1277 hasn't formed new stars in over 10 billion years. Could it contain the first stars' ashes?
unreachable
We live on Earth, orbiting the Sun, part of our Solar System, within the Milky Way. But what's our membership status on even larger scales?
ivy mike nuclear test
Einstein's most famous equation is E = mc², which describes the rest mass energy inherent to particles. But motion matters for energy, too.
A diagram illustrating one of the biggest mysteries: the origin of the universe, from the Big Bang and inflation to today, showing the formation of atoms, stars, galaxies, and the ongoing expansion of space.
When it comes to the big question of our cosmic origins, inflation is our leading theory. But did string theory ultimately cause inflation?
A grainy black and white image shows SPHEREx comet 3I/ATLAS gleaming at the center, surrounded by stars appearing as streaks due to long exposure.
Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS has an ancient age, but not for the reason most commonly touted. These three lines of evidence are far stronger.
A dense globular cluster of stars with varying brightness in deep space, some showing blue and orange hues, appears concentrated toward the center—possibly an imposter resembling Terzan 5.
Globular clusters are some of the most ancient cosmic relics that still survive in our Milky Way today. Famed Terzan 5 isn't one of them.
JWST deep field vs hubble
With targets from all across the Universe, focusing a space telescope — with so many moving parts — is challenging, but doable. Here's how.
atoms
By probing the Universe on atomic scales and smaller, we can reveal the entirety of the Standard Model, and with it, the quantum Universe.
A large planet orbits a bright blue star, with swirling rings of gas and dust—rich in boron and beryllium—surrounding both objects against the distant glow of white dwarfs in space.
Despite their rarity, boron and beryllium can both be detected within white dwarf atmospheres. What does their presence and abundance imply?
The grid features 15 images of distant galaxies, each labeled with identifiers and redshift values from z=4.75 to z=8.92. Captured by JWST, these celestial wonders include intriguing little red dots scattered across the vast cosmos.
When JWST opened its eyes, it spied a huge number of Little Red Dots. What we saw inside was a puzzle, but what's missing could solve it.
Illustration of the universe’s timeline from the Big Bang to the present, showing key events in cosmic evolution with labeled galaxies, stars, and cosmic structures.
After a period of cosmic inflation came to an end, the hot Big Bang commenced. 13.8 billion years later, we arrived. Here's how we got here.