Science & Tech

Science & Tech

Explore the discoveries that reveal how the world works, alongside the technologies that extend, reshape, and sometimes challenge what’s possible.

Illustration of Earth overlaid with a grid and energy types from the Kardashev Scale: Type I, II, and III, representing planetary, stellar, and galactic energy usage.
The famous framework ranks civilizations by energy use — but ignores a critical factor that can halt their progress.
World map showing global oil reserves, rare earth elements deposits (yellow dots), and major shipping routes and chokepoints, with oil reserves highlighted by pink circles of varying sizes.
As the global economy moves beyond oil, the strategic importance of the world’s most critical hydrocarbon chokepoint is likely to decline rapidly.
A black-and-white photo of a person walking in profile, centered on a red background with multiple yellow arrows pointing outward in all directions—a striking design inspired by modern China.
A firsthand look at China’s material progress and clean-tech revolution — and what could happen if we let an authoritarian state steer AI's future.
Image of a galaxy cluster with bright yellow galaxies at the center, surrounded by blue regions representing dark matter in deep space—a striking view often used for dark matter cosmic test MOND studies.
On cosmic scales, only dark matter (or something equivalent) gives us the Universe we observe. Now, the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect agrees.
Colorful nebula with bright stars ignite glowing gas clouds in space, featuring red, yellow, and blue hues against a dark background.
Although a star's "birth" is well-defined, it doesn't correspond to an ignition event in its core. Here's how stars are actually born.
protoplanetary disk
Every time a new star forms, there's an opportunity to form planets alongside and around it. How does it happen, and how long does it take?
An Ishihara color blindness test with colored dots, showing letters “u” and “d” in black, and a magnified section highlighting the dot pattern—inviting viewers to observe proton decay through subtle visual cues.
"Color" with respect to the strong force is just an analogy. Here's how to understand it without colors, group theory, or any advanced math.
A hexagonal storm formation with a dark central vortex on a planet’s surface, showing swirling blue and tan cloud patterns.
From 2004 through 2017, Saturn was imaged many times and from many angles up close by Cassini. This new viral image isn't real; it's AI.
A bright, circular object with concentric rings and a surrounding halo set against a dark background, resembling a gap-clearing planet or other astronomical phenomena.
One parameter, alone, sets the dividing line between rocky planets, gas giants, brown dwarfs, stars, and much more. Here's why mass matters.
Two highways, "Early Route" and "Late Route," marked 67.2 and 73.5, traverse a cosmic background with gradients and data—highlighting the Hubble tension and potential bad measurement in determining universal expansion rates.
The distance ladder and the CMB give incompatible values for the expansion rate. A new study shows just how robust the Hubble tension is.
A distorted galaxy with two bright, horizontal bands and scattered stars, seen against a dark background. Image credit: NASA/ESA/CSA.
By looking at a giant, remarkable, edge-on protoplanetary system, astronomers have found a proto-protoplanet for the first time.
Four people wearing black shirts and eclipse glasses look up at the camera indoors, their excitement echoing the spirit of the Artemis II distance record mission.
Human beings have now traveled farther from Earth than ever before with Artemis II's flyby of the lunar far side. Here's how it happened.
Two glowing eyes peer out from a dark hole surrounded by rough, textured orange rocks with green lines.
Mars was warmer and wetter long ago. If anything was alive there, what came next was either a tragedy or a masterclass in survival.
Known as the "past hypothesis" problem, the Universe's initially low entropy has long puzzled scientists. Now, cosmic inflation solves it.
apollo 8 earthrise
As the world teeters on the brink of nuclear war, distant, advanced civilizations would never know it. Earth appears peaceful from far away.
A group of identical, featureless figures with one central figure colored dark blue and green, surrounded by swirling lines.
As AI overwhelms the web, we will need a way to distinguish people from machines.
A labeled illustration shows the Large Magellanic Cloud, astronomers' most pristine star (SDSS J0715-7334), and the Milky Way galaxy connected by a wispy trail.
The 1st generation of stars formed, lived, and died very early on. But 2nd generation stars could still persist today. Did we just find one?
A person’s silhouette looks out a spacecraft window at Earth—a blue and white sphere against the darkness of space—reflecting the hope inspired by Artemis II’s journey to the moon.
As humanity journeys to the Moon for the first time since 1972, can we rediscover our shared responsibilities: to the world and each other?
black hole merger
As light travels across the Universe, it's subject to cosmic expansion, changing fields, and relative motion. How about gravitational waves?
Historic map illustration of the city of Tenochtitlan, surrounded by water, with labeled features and detailed buildings, from the early colonial period in Mexico.
This 1524 map of the Aztec capital was a window into an exotic otherworld — and largely a fiction.