Astronomy

Astronomy

elements Cas A remnant Chandra X-ray
Despite the brilliance of these cosmic beacons, only 1% of a core-collapse supernova's energy is observable. The other 99% is in neutrinos.
Illustration of black holes merging, showing spiraling paths and arrows indicating movement and direction, set against a dark, starry background.
With nearly 400 black hole events from gravitational waves, we can begin to infer their origins. At least two different populations emerge.
A barred spiral galaxy is shown with a bright central bar, curved arms, and scattered blue regions indicating star formation, against a dark background.
The history of atoms in the Universe is our own history: without them, there would be no us. So how do we piece their cosmic story together?
An aerial view of LIGO Hanford, showing two long, perpendicular arms extending across a flat, brown landscape with a few buildings at the intersection.
The LIGO facilities in the U.S. are the most sensitive gravitational wave detectors in the world. Their future remains uncertain.
A large, circular structure—destined to become the world's best and smallest giant telescope—is under construction inside a spacious industrial facility with scaffolding and bright overhead lighting.
At "only" 25 meters in diameter, the Giant Magellan Telescope is the smallest of three current projects. That might make all the difference.
Split image: On the left, green and pink power aurora lights shimmer in the night sky over water; on the right, bright white fireworks explode against the darkness.
Over 800,000 fireworks explode in under an hour in the world's largest fireworks shows. How do natural auroral displays compare in energy?
comet collide with earth
65 million years ago, a massive asteroid struck Earth, causing a mass extinction. Without advance warning, could anyone have spotted it?
stars omega centauri globular cluster
With ~400 billion stars in the Milky Way and 6-20 trillion galaxies overall, that makes for a lot of stars. But not as many as you'd think.
A dense, bright cluster of stars glows at a galaxy’s core, surrounded by numerous smaller dark matter free galaxies and stars scattered across a shadowy background.
The first one, NGC 1052-DF2, was mired in controversy. With four examples now, there only remains one possible escape. What does nature say?
A dense galaxy cluster, possibly the most distant lens cluster, features bright yellow-white central galaxies surrounded by numerous smaller galaxies against a dark space background—a scene revealing the surprises of dark matter.
Over 10 billion years in the past, an ultra-massive galaxy cluster lenses objects behind it. That has big implications for dark matter.
galaxy NGC 1277 Perseus cluster
At 240 million light-years away, galaxy NGC 1277 hasn't formed new stars in over 10 billion years. Could it contain the first stars' ashes?
unreachable
We live on Earth, orbiting the Sun, part of our Solar System, within the Milky Way. But what's our membership status on even larger scales?
A grainy black and white image shows SPHEREx comet 3I/ATLAS gleaming at the center, surrounded by stars appearing as streaks due to long exposure.
Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS has an ancient age, but not for the reason most commonly touted. These three lines of evidence are far stronger.
A dense globular cluster of stars with varying brightness in deep space, some showing blue and orange hues, appears concentrated toward the center—possibly an imposter resembling Terzan 5.
Globular clusters are some of the most ancient cosmic relics that still survive in our Milky Way today. Famed Terzan 5 isn't one of them.
JWST deep field vs hubble
With targets from all across the Universe, focusing a space telescope — with so many moving parts — is challenging, but doable. Here's how.
A large planet orbits a bright blue star, with swirling rings of gas and dust—rich in boron and beryllium—surrounding both objects against the distant glow of white dwarfs in space.
Despite their rarity, boron and beryllium can both be detected within white dwarf atmospheres. What does their presence and abundance imply?
A visual timeline illustrating the history and evolution of the universe from the Big Bang to the present, featuring major cosmic events and the formation of galaxies and stars.
Introducing Big Think’s first-ever poster — a stunningly detailed infographic of the universe from its earliest moments to the present day.
A blurry object is centered in a camera viewfinder on an orange background, with a white "N" in the lower right corner.
This 11-point scale aims to reduce the number of "false alarm" sightings so scientists can focus on harder-to-explain reports.
transit spectroscopy PLATO
The Universe took a great many steps to create not just life, but intelligent life, here at home. What can we say about life beyond Earth?
warm-hot intergalactic medium sculptor wall
Vast arrays of planets, stars, black holes, galaxies, and more populate our Universe. Within each category, differences can be astounding.
A high-resolution image of the Eagle Nebula shows a bright star cluster, pink nebula clouds, and dark dust columns scattered throughout a star-filled background.
Contracting gas clouds don't just make a single star, but a spectrum, with all different masses. Early on, that spectrum differed. But why?
Image of a galaxy cluster with three marked regions labeled A, B, and C; the right side shows JWST zoomed-in views of red objects, hinting at possible black holes before galaxies—labeled QSO1A, QSO1B, and QSO1C.
It's the Universe's ultimate chicken-and-egg question: what came first, the galaxy or the black hole? One Little Red Dot proves the answer.
A chart showing the masses of black holes and neutron stars detected by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA, highlighting how gravitational wave astronomy has become a mature science. Masses are plotted in solar masses on a logarithmic scale.
In 2016, humanity announced our first successful gravitational wave detection. 10 years and 389 events later, here's how far we've come.
A hexagonal telescope with a gold exterior and an open, black interior is shown against a black background, highlighting NASA habitable worlds observatory science.
The Astro2020 decadal report set the USA's agenda for space and ground-based astronomy. Here in 2026, we're clearly on the wrong course.
extraterrestrial
Despite all that we've discovered, Earth remains the only planet definitively known to possess life. Here's how to find a second example.
A vivid image of a bright, colorful galaxy with swirling red, blue, and white clouds of gas and dust, where galaxies collide amid distant stars in the dark, expanding universe.
Astronomers study our cosmic history through stellar and galactic archaeology. But we can't conduct archaeology in space. At least, not yet.
World map showing total radiance change from 2014 to 2022, with areas highlighted for dimming (purple) and brightening (yellow) in nighttime lights.
Light pollution now steals a pristine night sky from the majority of humanity. The rise of LED lighting, primarily since 2014, is to blame.
Three side-by-side images of a spiral galaxy show increasing detail and brightness, highlighting dust, stars, and a bright galactic center with radiating diffraction spikes.
Messier 77 is one of the largest nearby spiral galaxies, with an active, brilliant core. Here's what JWST's incomparable eyes saw inside it.
A graph showing star brightness over time during a Kuiper Belt occultation event, with a grayish planet above and two plotted lines labeled Fukushima and Kiso Obs—shedding light on the discovery of distant atmospheres.
A relatively tiny world in the Kuiper belt, just 500 km in diameter, has an atmosphere after all, joining Pluto. Here's what we know today.
A dense star field and distant galaxies with bright galaxy clusters and several white squares highlighting specific points in the image.
Only nearby objects appear to the naked eye. With telescopes of all types, especially in space, we've smashed those records many times over.